Engineering articles and technical guides published by the EPOC CRAFTER team. Covering material selection, design standards, tolerancing, and manufacturing process knowledge for CNC machining, injection molding, and sheet metal fabrication.
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Material Guides
13 articlesAlloy comparisons, grade selection, mechanical properties, and machinability data for metals, engineering plastics, and surface finish guides for aluminum.
Aluminum
- 6061 Aluminum: Properties, Grades, and How to Choose the Right Variant for CNC Parts 6061 aluminum alloy properties grades T6 T651 T6511 CNC machining temper selection corrosion resistance machinability billet extrusion anodizing surface finish Pillar Jul 16
- 6061 vs 7075 Aluminum: Strength, Cost, and Machinability Compared 6061 7075 aluminum alloy comparison strength tensile yield cost machinability aerospace structural CNC machining fatigue hardness Jul 19
- 6061-T6 vs T651 vs T6511: Which Temper to Order for Machined Parts 6061 temper T6 T651 T6511 stress relief residual stress distortion warping CNC machining aluminum heat treatment precipitation hardening Jul 22
Nylon / Polyamide
- Nylon (Polyamide) Properties: The Engineer’s Selection Guide for CNC Machined Parts nylon polyamide PA6 PA66 PA12 properties engineer selection guide CNC machined parts moisture absorption tensile strength HDT chemical resistance Pillar Jul 6
- Nylon Mechanical Properties & Machinability: Tensile Strength, HDT, Moisture Effects, and CNC Parameters nylon mechanical properties machinability tensile strength HDT heat deflection temperature moisture absorption CNC parameters cutting speed feed rate tooling Jul 7
- PA6 vs PA66 vs PA12: Nylon Grades Compared — Properties, Modifications, and When to Switch PA6 PA66 PA12 nylon grades comparison glass filled GF30 moisture stiffness flexibility low temperature impact resistance modifications Jul 12
- Nylon Parts for Engineering Applications: Industry Use Cases, Tolerances, and Procurement Checklist nylon parts engineering applications industry use cases tolerances procurement checklist automotive medical gears bushings housings CNC injection molding Jul 15
Anodizing & Surface Finishing
- Aluminum Anodizing Guide: How to Choose the Right Type, Thickness, and Finish for CNC Machined Parts aluminum anodizing guide Type II Type III MIL-PRF-8625F thickness finish CNC machined parts T-T-F decision path 4-element callout framework 6061 Pillar Aug 12
- Type II vs. Type III Anodizing (2026): Hardness, Color, and When to Specify Hard Coat Type II Type III anodizing hardness color hard coat 6061-T6 MIL-PRF-8625F wear resistance thickness sealing six-gate hard coat test 2026 Aug 9
- Anodizing Thickness, Color Consistency, and Corrosion Resistance: How the Three Are Connected for 6061 Parts anodizing thickness color consistency corrosion resistance 6061 Type II Type III MIL-PRF-8625F sealing nickel acetate salt spray ASTM B117 oxide coating delta E Aug 6
- Anodizing vs. Electroless Nickel vs. E-Coat vs. Powder Coat: Choosing the Right Finish for Machined Aluminum anodizing electroless nickel e-coat powder coat finish machined aluminum comparison MIL-PRF-8625F ASTM B733 corrosion wear cost selection guide Aug 12
- Machining 6061 for Anodize: Pre-Anodize Dimensions, Surface Finish, and Masking Decisions (2026) machining 6061 anodize pre-anodize dimensions growth allowance surface roughness Ra masking thread plugs Type II Type III MIL-A-8625F dimensional change Jul 23
Sheet Metal
- Sheet Metal Materials Guide (2026): 5052 vs 6061 Aluminum, 304 Stainless, 1018 Steel, and Galvanized Steel sheet metal materials guide 5052 6061 aluminum 304 stainless 1018 cold rolled galvanized steel comparison formability weldability corrosion gauge thickness ASTM Pillar Aug 26
Design & Engineering
9 articlesTolerancing standards, DFM rules, surface finish specs, and drawing callout references for production-ready designs.
Tolerances & Standards
- Sheet Metal Tolerances: Hole Spacing, Edge Distance, and Feature Design Rules sheet metal tolerances hole spacing edge distance feature design rules ISO 2768-1 laser cutting press brake bending stack-up 5052 304 1018 tolerance chart cutting process New Aug 26
- How to Tolerance a CNC Drawing: What to Specify, What to Leave Default CNC drawing tolerances GD&T geometric dimensioning title block general tolerances ISO 2768 critical dimensions callout engineering drawing specification default New Aug 2
- ISO 286 Fits Explained: H7/g6, Transition, and Interference for CNC Parts ISO 286 fits H7 g6 clearance fit transition fit interference fit shaft hole system limits deviations tolerance grade CNC bearing press fit New Jul 31
- ISO 2768 General Tolerances: Class Tables, Title Block Wording, and the 2026 Revision ISO 2768 general tolerances fine medium coarse class tables title block wording 2026 revision machining flatness straightness angularity Jul 26
- Metric Thread Chart and Tapped Hole Callouts: Sizes, Tap Drills, and Depth Rules metric thread chart M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 tapped hole callout tap drill depth rules pitch CNC drawing thread specification Jul 28
DFM & Surface Finish
- CNC Prototype Design Risks: 10 DFM Mistakes That Delay Parts and Inflate Costs DFM design for manufacturability mistakes CNC prototype thin walls deep pockets undercuts tight tolerances thread depth tool access surface finish cost delay Jun 23
- Surface Roughness Chart for CNC Parts: Ra, Rz, and What Each Process Actually Delivers surface roughness Ra Rz chart CNC milling turning grinding EDM anodizing as-machined finish 0.8 1.6 3.2 6.3 profilometer measurement callout drawing Jul 30
- Sheet Metal Design Guidelines: DFM Rules, Tolerances, and Best Practices sheet metal design guidelines DFM rules tolerances best practices Six-Gate check bend radius flange length hole placement ISO 2768 press brake laser cutting 5052 6061 304 New Aug 23
- Sheet Metal Bend Radius and K-Factor: Charts, Formulas, and Flat Pattern Calculation sheet metal bend radius K-factor charts formulas flat pattern calculation bend allowance springback compensation 5052 6061 304 1018 press brake air bending bottom bending New Aug 24
Process Knowledge
7 articlesCNC machining fundamentals, process comparisons, injection molding process knowledge, and production planning workflows.
- CNC Machining for Prototyping and Low-Volume Production: The Complete Engineering Guide CNC machining prototyping low volume production milling turning 3-axis 5-axis tolerances lead time aluminum steel plastic setup fixturing toolpath Pillar Jun 11
- CNC Machining vs. 3D Printing for Prototypes: Cost, Lead Time, and Tolerance Comparison CNC machining vs 3D printing prototypes FDM SLA SLS cost lead time tolerance comparison functional testing material properties surface finish decision Jun 14
- From Prototype to Low-Volume Production: When and How to Make the Switch prototype low volume production switch CNC machining scale up DFM review engineering validation tooling fixtures quality inspection first article Jun 17
Injection Molding
- Plastic Injection Molding Process: From Part Design to Mold Tooling to Mass Production plastic injection molding process part design mold tooling mass production gate runner cooling ejection DFM thermoplastic ABS PC PA66 PP cycle time wall thickness Pillar Aug 21
- Injection Molding Materials Guide: Properties, Selection Criteria, and Processing Data injection molding materials guide properties selection criteria processing data ABS PC PP PA66 resin comparison shrinkage weld line tensile strength melt temperature Aug 16
- Injection Molding Design Guide: Wall Thickness, Draft Angles, Ribs, and DFM Rules by Material injection molding design guide wall thickness draft angles ribs DFM rules material ABS PC PP PA66 boss gate runner rib-to-wall ratio sink marks warpage Aug 18
- Injection Molding Defects Guide: Root Causes, Severity Grading, and DFM Fixes injection molding defects guide root causes severity grading DFM fixes sink marks warpage weld lines short shot flash jetting voids burn marks troubleshooting chart material New Aug 20
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